Saad Iqbal The algebraic sum of the vertical forces at any section of a beam to the right or left of the section is known as shear force. It is briefly written as S.F. The algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces acting to the right or left of the section is known as bending … Read more
Foundation substructures are structural members used to support walls and columns to transmit and distribute their loads to the ground. “Footing is the lowest part of the structure that distributes the load on a larger area to avoid any shear or axial failures of the structure” What is foundation? Design Criteria of Foundations For proper … Read more
Soil mechanics originated several decades ago under the pressure of necessity. As the practical problems involving soils broadened in scope, the inadequacy of the scientific tools available for coping with them became increasingly apparent. Efforts to remedy the situation started almost simultaneously in the United States and in Europe, and within short period they produced … Read more
In the near future, energy is converted as a luxury item and water is considered as the most vital item in the world due to reduction of water resources in most areas. In this condition, role of water science researchers is more important than ever. If a water engineering student is not educated well, he/she … Read more
Fluid mechanics is encountered in almost every area of our physical lives. Blood flows through our veins and arteries, a ship moves through water and water flows through rivers, airplanes fly in the air and air flows around wind machines, air is compressed in a compressor and steam expands around turbine blades, a dam holds … Read more