For working stress approach, service loads are used in the whole design and the strength of material is not utilized in the full extent. In this method of design, stresses acting on structural members are calculated based on elastic method and they are designed not to exceed certain allowable values. In fact, the whole structure … Read more
As we move across highways we see a mess in traffic, cars making noise of horns, you sometimes can’t even see the carpet of highway. The increased population and expansion of residential areas and highways in all directions cause conflicts in directions. We sometimes see an interchange with over 5 highways merging at one line; … Read more
As we already know that by definition irrigation is an activity in which we provide water to the land or soil. The basic purpose of applying water to the soil is to grow agricultural crops or maintain a landscape. It is necessary in areas where the natural rainfall is not sufficient to suffice the basic … Read more
Dredging is a process that involves the aquatic excavation of water beds to remove sediments, pollutants, shellfish and other materials. The methods and machinery used in dredging vary widely. Most dredging is done by ships that tow a dredge along the water bed. Self standing dredges and dredge pumping stations are used for routine tasks. … Read more
The Structural loads are supported on soil through foundations. These loads produce stresses and resulting strains or deformations in the soil below the foundation. The deformation in the vertical direction is usually termed as settlement, which occurs due to the vertical stresses. Stresses in a Soil Mass The stresses which produce excessive deformations are termed … Read more