Quantity surveyor can be regarded as the initiator of any project, once the project is planned the most important initial step is to quantify the quantities and estimate the rates and prepare a BOQ which is called bill of quantities that contains the unit rates of various items along with the quantity of the material … Read more
Building and civil engineering is a demanding and exciting process in which the constructions built provide enduring testimonies to the imagination, skill and initiative of all those concerned. The understanding of these process includes a knowledge of what buildings are made of, how they are put together, how they stay up, how they work, how … Read more
In soil mechanics the equilibrium and movement of s oil b o dies is studied, where soil is understood to be the weathered natural material in the upper layers (say the upper 20 to 100 m) of the earth’s crust. This material may be gravel, sand, clay, peat, or some other rather soft and loose … Read more
Steel structures are considered highly effective in terms of light weight and high rise structures. They are more earth quake resistant and more long lasting. Steel structures needs more maintenance and care as compared with concrete structures.In advanced countries steel structures are preferred as compared to concrete structures. The availability of steel, types of cross-section … Read more
Hydrology is science of water, hydrology deals with occurrence, circulation of water and the distribution of water. It studies the way how water is circulated from sea to vapors then precipitation then infiltration, runoff and other similar activities that are taking place. This book titled “Handbook of Hydrology” includes bundles of scientific laws and observations … Read more