As we already know that by definition irrigation is an activity in which we provide water to the land or soil. The basic purpose of applying water to the soil is to grow agricultural crops or maintain a landscape. It is necessary in areas where the natural rainfall is not sufficient to suffice the basic … Read more
Dredging is a process that involves the aquatic excavation of water beds to remove sediments, pollutants, shellfish and other materials. The methods and machinery used in dredging vary widely. Most dredging is done by ships that tow a dredge along the water bed. Self standing dredges and dredge pumping stations are used for routine tasks. … Read more
The Structural loads are supported on soil through foundations. These loads produce stresses and resulting strains or deformations in the soil below the foundation. The deformation in the vertical direction is usually termed as settlement, which occurs due to the vertical stresses. Stresses in a Soil Mass The stresses which produce excessive deformations are termed … Read more
The guniting is the most effective process of repairing concrete work which has been damaged due to inferior work or other reasons. It is also used for providing an impervious layer. The gunite is a mixture of cement and sand, the usual proportion being 1:3. A cement gun is used to deposit this mixture on … Read more
An estimate of the cost of a construction job is the probable cost of that job as computed from plans and specifications. As a quality of a good estimate the, actual cost of the proposed work after completion should not differ by more then 5 to 10 % from its approximate cost estimate, provided there … Read more